Commando Criminal Liability In Indonesian And Dutch Criminal Law (A Comparative Study Of Law)

Authors

  • Hans Giovanny Yosua University Of Indonesia
  • Topo Santoso University Of Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29303/ulrev.v7i2.301

Keywords:

Command responsibility, ICTR, ICTY , international court

Abstract

Command responsibility is a form of criminal responsibility that aims explicitly to ensnare commanders who know and allow not to prevent their subordinates from committing criminal acts, as well as commanders who fail to take steps in the form of handing over their subordinates who have become perpetrators of certain crimes to the investigation, investigation and prosecution process. The concept of command responsibility is regulated by several international court forums such as the ICTR, ICTY, and ICC. In command responsibility, increasing steps will also be held in national criminal law in its development. Several countries that regulate commando criminal responsibility include Indonesia and the Netherlands. The two countries regulate command responsibility in criminal laws outside the Criminal Code and exclusively apply command responsibility to certain types of crimes. These crimes are classified as the most severe or gross human rights violations.

References

Jurnal Articel

Gheanina Priscilla Kaban, Unsur-Unsur Tanggung Jawab Komando Di Dalam Hukum Pidana Internasional (Studi Putusan The Prosecutor V. Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo/Icc-01/05-01/08), Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Alathea, Volume 1 Nomor 2, Februari 2018

Jamie Allan Williamson, “Some Considerations on command responsibility and criminal liability,†International Review of the Red Cross, Vol. 90, No. 870, 2008

Jens David Ohlin, “Complicity, Negligence, and Command responsibility. Temple International & Comparative Law Journal, Vol. 35, No. (1), 109-110, 2021

KontraS, Catatan Kritis R-KUHP: Makin Sulit Adili Pelaku!, Komisi Untuk Orang Hilang dan Korban Tindak Kekerasan, 2022

Miles Jackson, “Causation and the Legal Character of Command Responsibility after Bemba at the International Criminal Court,†Journal of International Criminal Justice, 2020

Zainal Abidin, Pengadilan Hak Asasi Manusia di Indonesia: Regulasi, Perkembangan dan Penerapannya, ELSAM. https://referensi.elsam.or.id/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/25.-Pengadilan-Hak-Asasi-Manusia-di-Indonesia_Regulasi-Penerapan-dan-Perkembangannya.pdf

Case

The Prosecutor v. Ignace Bagilishema (Trial Judgement), ICTR-95-1A-T, International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), 7 June 2001. https://www.refworld.org/cases,ICTR,48abd5170.html

The Prosecutor v. Laurent Semanza (Judgement and Sentence), ICTR-97-20-T, International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR). https://www.refworld.org/cases,ICTR,48abd5a30.html

The Prosecutor v. Elizaphan and Gérard Ntakirutimana (Judgment and Sentence), ICTR-96-10 & ICTR-96-17-T, International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR). https://www.refworld.org/cases,ICTR,48abd58c1a.html

Prosecutor v. Tihomir Blaskic (Trial Judgement), IT-95-14-T, International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY), 3 March 2000. https://www.refworld.org/cases,ICTY,4146f1b24.html

Law

Belanda, Wet Internationale Misrdijven

Undang-undang No. 26 Tahun 2000 Tentang Pengadilan HAM

Undang-undang No. 1 Tahun 2023 Tentang Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Pidana P

International agreements

Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court,

Statute of the International Tribunal for Rwanda. https://legal.un.org/avl/pdf/ha/ictr_EF.pdf

Updated Statute for International Criminal Tribunal for Former Yugoslavia. https://www.icty.org/x/file/Legal%20Library/Statute/statute_sept09_en.pdf

Document

United Nations General Assembly, Report of the International Law Commission, A/74/10. https://legal.un.org/ilc/reports/2019/english/chp5.pdf

Website

https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/customary-ihl/eng/docs/v1_rul_rule102#:~:text=It%20is%20a%20basic%20principle,the%20commission%20of%20a%20crime,

https://www.lexisnexis.co.uk/legal/glossary/vicarious-liability#:~:text=Vicarious%20liability%20is%20the%20liability,the%20acts%20of%20another%20person.

https://kepaniteraan.mahkamahagung.go.id/glosarium-hukum/1895-vicarious-liability

https://www.internationalcrimesdatabase.org/Case/199

https://unictr.irmct.org/en/tribunal

https://www.icty.org/

Downloads

Published

2023-10-30

How to Cite

Hans Giovanny Yosua, & Santoso, T. (2023). Commando Criminal Liability In Indonesian And Dutch Criminal Law (A Comparative Study Of Law). Unram Law Review, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.29303/ulrev.v7i2.301

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