Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer

Articles

Vol. 7 No. 2 (2023): Unram Law Review(ULREV)

Commando Criminal Liability In Indonesian And Dutch Criminal Law (A Comparative Study Of Law)

DOI
https://doi.org/10.29303/ulrev.v7i2.301
Submitted
July 6, 2023
Published
2023-10-30

Abstract

Command responsibility is a form of criminal responsibility that aims explicitly to ensnare commanders who know and allow not to prevent their subordinates from committing criminal acts, as well as commanders who fail to take steps in the form of handing over their subordinates who have become perpetrators of certain crimes to the investigation, investigation and prosecution process. The concept of command responsibility is regulated by several international court forums such as the ICTR, ICTY, and ICC. In command responsibility, increasing steps will also be held in national criminal law in its development. Several countries that regulate commando criminal responsibility include Indonesia and the Netherlands. The two countries regulate command responsibility in criminal laws outside the Criminal Code and exclusively apply command responsibility to certain types of crimes. These crimes are classified as the most severe or gross human rights violations.

References

  1. Jurnal Articel
  2. Gheanina Priscilla Kaban, Unsur-Unsur Tanggung Jawab Komando Di Dalam Hukum Pidana Internasional (Studi Putusan The Prosecutor V. Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo/Icc-01/05-01/08), Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Alathea, Volume 1 Nomor 2, Februari 2018
  3. Jamie Allan Williamson, “Some Considerations on command responsibility and criminal liability,” International Review of the Red Cross, Vol. 90, No. 870, 2008
  4. Jens David Ohlin, “Complicity, Negligence, and Command responsibility. Temple International & Comparative Law Journal, Vol. 35, No. (1), 109-110, 2021
  5. KontraS, Catatan Kritis R-KUHP: Makin Sulit Adili Pelaku!, Komisi Untuk Orang Hilang dan Korban Tindak Kekerasan, 2022
  6. Miles Jackson, “Causation and the Legal Character of Command Responsibility after Bemba at the International Criminal Court,” Journal of International Criminal Justice, 2020
  7. Zainal Abidin, Pengadilan Hak Asasi Manusia di Indonesia: Regulasi, Perkembangan dan Penerapannya, ELSAM. https://referensi.elsam.or.id/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/25.-Pengadilan-Hak-Asasi-Manusia-di-Indonesia_Regulasi-Penerapan-dan-Perkembangannya.pdf
  8. Case
  9. The Prosecutor v. Ignace Bagilishema (Trial Judgement), ICTR-95-1A-T, International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), 7 June 2001. https://www.refworld.org/cases,ICTR,48abd5170.html
  10. The Prosecutor v. Laurent Semanza (Judgement and Sentence), ICTR-97-20-T, International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR). https://www.refworld.org/cases,ICTR,48abd5a30.html
  11. The Prosecutor v. Elizaphan and Gérard Ntakirutimana (Judgment and Sentence), ICTR-96-10 & ICTR-96-17-T, International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR). https://www.refworld.org/cases,ICTR,48abd58c1a.html
  12. Prosecutor v. Tihomir Blaskic (Trial Judgement), IT-95-14-T, International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY), 3 March 2000. https://www.refworld.org/cases,ICTY,4146f1b24.html
  13. Law
  14. Belanda, Wet Internationale Misrdijven
  15. Undang-undang No. 26 Tahun 2000 Tentang Pengadilan HAM
  16. Undang-undang No. 1 Tahun 2023 Tentang Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Pidana P
  17. International agreements
  18. Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court,
  19. Statute of the International Tribunal for Rwanda. https://legal.un.org/avl/pdf/ha/ictr_EF.pdf
  20. Updated Statute for International Criminal Tribunal for Former Yugoslavia. https://www.icty.org/x/file/Legal%20Library/Statute/statute_sept09_en.pdf
  21. Document
  22. United Nations General Assembly, Report of the International Law Commission, A/74/10. https://legal.un.org/ilc/reports/2019/english/chp5.pdf
  23. Website
  24. https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/customary-ihl/eng/docs/v1_rul_rule102#:~:text=It%20is%20a%20basic%20principle,the%20commission%20of%20a%20crime,
  25. https://www.lexisnexis.co.uk/legal/glossary/vicarious-liability#:~:text=Vicarious%20liability%20is%20the%20liability,the%20acts%20of%20another%20person.
  26. https://kepaniteraan.mahkamahagung.go.id/glosarium-hukum/1895-vicarious-liability
  27. https://www.internationalcrimesdatabase.org/Case/199
  28. https://unictr.irmct.org/en/tribunal
  29. https://www.icty.org/